调整到老博客的程度

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href="/posts/210824-linuxtouchscreenfin/"
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href="/posts/about_hugo_website/"
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<span class="hx:min-w-0 [word-break:break-word]">关于使用HUGO建立博客站点</span>
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href="/posts/210311-serialmodeandudevinlinux/"
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<span class="hx:min-w-0 [word-break:break-word]">Linux串口和udev理解</span>
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<a
href="#%e4%b8%b2%e5%8f%a3%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98"
class="hx:flex hx:rounded-sm hx:px-2 hx:py-1.5 hx:text-sm hx:transition-colors [word-break:break-word] hx:cursor-pointer [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] hx:contrast-more:border hx:gap-2 hx:before:opacity-25 hx:before:content-['#'] hx:text-gray-500 hx:hover:bg-gray-100 hx:hover:text-gray-900 hx:dark:text-neutral-400 hx:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 hx:dark:hover:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:text-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:border-transparent hx:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
>串口的问题</a>
</li>
<li>
<a
href="#%e8%b5%8b%e4%ba%88%e6%99%ae%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e4%b8%b2%e5%8f%a3%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%a4%e7%a7%8d%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95"
class="hx:flex hx:rounded-sm hx:px-2 hx:py-1.5 hx:text-sm hx:transition-colors [word-break:break-word] hx:cursor-pointer [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] hx:contrast-more:border hx:gap-2 hx:before:opacity-25 hx:before:content-['#'] hx:text-gray-500 hx:hover:bg-gray-100 hx:hover:text-gray-900 hx:dark:text-neutral-400 hx:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 hx:dark:hover:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:text-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:border-transparent hx:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
>赋予普通用户串口权限的两种方法</a>
</li>
<li>
<a
href="#xxxrules"
class="hx:flex hx:rounded-sm hx:px-2 hx:py-1.5 hx:text-sm hx:transition-colors [word-break:break-word] hx:cursor-pointer [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] hx:contrast-more:border hx:gap-2 hx:before:opacity-25 hx:before:content-['#'] hx:text-gray-500 hx:hover:bg-gray-100 hx:hover:text-gray-900 hx:dark:text-neutral-400 hx:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 hx:dark:hover:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:text-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:border-transparent hx:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
>xxx.rules</a>
</li>
<li>
<a
href="#udev%e8%a7%84%e5%88%99"
class="hx:flex hx:rounded-sm hx:px-2 hx:py-1.5 hx:text-sm hx:transition-colors [word-break:break-word] hx:cursor-pointer [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] hx:contrast-more:border hx:gap-2 hx:before:opacity-25 hx:before:content-['#'] hx:text-gray-500 hx:hover:bg-gray-100 hx:hover:text-gray-900 hx:dark:text-neutral-400 hx:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 hx:dark:hover:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:text-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:border-transparent hx:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
>udev规则</a>
</li>
<li>
<a
href="#%e5%8f%82%e8%80%83"
class="hx:flex hx:rounded-sm hx:px-2 hx:py-1.5 hx:text-sm hx:transition-colors [word-break:break-word] hx:cursor-pointer [-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent] [-webkit-touch-callout:none] hx:contrast-more:border hx:gap-2 hx:before:opacity-25 hx:before:content-['#'] hx:text-gray-500 hx:hover:bg-gray-100 hx:hover:text-gray-900 hx:dark:text-neutral-400 hx:dark:hover:bg-primary-100/5 hx:dark:hover:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:text-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:text-gray-50 hx:contrast-more:border-transparent hx:contrast-more:hover:border-gray-900 hx:contrast-more:dark:hover:border-gray-50"
>参考</a>
</li>
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href="/posts/210311-multitouchscreeninlinux/"
>
<span class="hx:min-w-0 [word-break:break-word]">Linux多显示器触屏调试与暂行解决方案</span>
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href="/posts/210218-teamspeakwithdocker/"
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<span class="hx:min-w-0 [word-break:break-word]">使用Docker安装TeamSpeak</span>
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<h1 class="hx:mb-0 hx:text-4xl hx:font-bold hx:tracking-tight hx:text-slate-900 hx:dark:text-slate-100">Linux串口和udev理解</h1>
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<p>配置串口权限,顺便看一下linux的udev规则。</p>
<h2>串口的问题<span class="hx:absolute hx:-mt-20" id="串口的问题"></span>
<a href="#%e4%b8%b2%e5%8f%a3%e7%9a%84%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="此章节的永久链接"></a></h2><p>在现场开发的同事反映UOS工控机没有配置串口,每次都需要sudo才能使用。(明明在家里你们都会自己配置好环境与权限,为什么到了现场反而不会了需要我提供协助呢?)</p>
<p>我之前没考虑过这个问题,认为串口就是得root权限操作才安全。但是既然提出了需求,就赶紧百度并测试一下吧。</p>
<h2>赋予普通用户串口权限的两种方法<span class="hx:absolute hx:-mt-20" id="赋予普通用户串口权限的两种方法"></span>
<a href="#%e8%b5%8b%e4%ba%88%e6%99%ae%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e4%b8%b2%e5%8f%a3%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%a4%e7%a7%8d%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="此章节的永久链接"></a></h2><p>在百度上,给普通用户串口权限有两种主流方法(可能2会了,Google上不去),一种是将用户放入特殊的用户组,从而获得权限。另一种是加入udev规则,在串口插入时自动更改权限。</p>
<p>我个人更倾向于使用第二种方案,因为公司中不同的人装系统就可能起不同的名字,之后进入生产环境可能又会起新的名字,所以采用第二种设置规则的办法,便于之后制作恢复镜像和一键部署。</p>
<h2>xxx.rules<span class="hx:absolute hx:-mt-20" id="xxxrules"></span>
<a href="#xxxrules" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="此章节的永久链接"></a></h2><p><code>sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-tty-usb-rules</code>,写入以下内容:</p>
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<div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>KERNEL<span style="color:#f92672">==</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;ttyS*&#34;</span>,MODE<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;0666&#34;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>KERNEL<span style="color:#f92672">==</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;ttyUSB*&#34;</span>,MODE<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;0666&#34;</span></span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="hextra-code-copy-btn-container hx:opacity-0 hx:transition hx:group-hover/code:opacity-100 hx:flex hx:gap-1 hx:absolute hx:m-[11px] hx:right-0 hx:top-0">
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<p>这一段的意思是匹配所有ttyS和ttyUSB,插入时都赋予0666的权限,即所有用户都可读可写。重新加载一下设备,就可以按规则配置权限进行操作了。</p>
<h2>udev规则<span class="hx:absolute hx:-mt-20" id="udev规则"></span>
<a href="#udev%e8%a7%84%e5%88%99" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="此章节的永久链接"></a></h2><p>udev是什么?udev是Linux下的设备文件管理方式,运行在用户侧(devfs在内核侧管理设备文件)。有了udev,<code>/dev</code>目录下的文件就都是真实存在的已连接的设备了。</p>
<p>udev的规则都保存在<code>/etc/udev/rules.d</code>目录下,文件名的格式为<code>数字-名称.rules</code>,数字表示加载顺序,一般是从小往大加载;名称按功能自定义,最后以.rules结尾。这些规则会在设备接入时生效。</p>
<p>规则文件按行执行,每行分为两个部分:匹配和赋值,每个参数使用逗号,分割。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>(这段复制自引用2,仅供参考)。
<strong>1、udev 规则的所有操作符</strong>
<strong>==</strong>  比较键、值,若等于,则该条件满足;
<strong>!=</strong>  比较键、值,若不等于,则该条件满足;
<strong>=</strong>   对一个键赋值;
<strong>+=</strong>  为一个表示多个条目的键赋值。
<strong>:=</strong>  对一个键赋值,并拒绝之后所有对该键的改动,防止后面的规则文件对该键重赋值。</p>
<p><strong>2、udev 规则的匹配键</strong>
<strong>ACTION</strong>        事件 (uevent) 的行为,例如:add、remove。
<strong>KERNEL</strong>         内核设备名称,例如:sda, cdrom。
<strong>DEVPATH</strong>        设备的 devpath 路径。
<strong>SUBSYSTEM</strong>       设备的子系统名称,例如:sda 的子系统为 block。
<strong>BUS</strong>           设备在 devpath 里的总线名称,例如:usb。
<strong>DRIVER</strong>         设备在 devpath 里的设备驱动名称,例如:ide-cdrom。
<strong>ID</strong>            设备在 devpath 里的识别号。
<strong>SYSFS{filename}</strong>    设备的 devpath 路径下,设备的属性文件“filename”里的内容。
<strong>ENV{key}</strong>       环境变量。在一条规则中,可以设定最多五条环境变量的 匹配键。
<strong>PROGRAM</strong>        调用外部命令。
<strong>RESULT</strong>         外部命令 PROGRAM 的返回结果。</p>
<p><strong>3、udev 的重要赋值键</strong>
<strong>NAME</strong>           /dev目录下显示的文件名重命名
<strong>SYMLINK</strong>          为 /dev下文件进行符号链接,防止覆盖系统默认产生的文件
<strong>OWNER, GROUP, MODE</strong>  为设备设定权限。
<strong>ENV{key}</strong>         导入一个环境变量。</p>
<p><strong>4、udev 的值和可调用的替换操作符</strong>
Linux 用户可以随意地定制 udev 规则文件的值。例如:my_root_disk, my_printer。同时也可以引用下面的替换操作符:
<strong>$kernel, %k</strong>        设备的内核设备名称,例如:sda、cdrom。
<strong>$number, %n</strong>        设备的内核号码,例如:sda3 的内核号码是 3。
<strong>$devpath, %p</strong>       设备的 devpath路径。
<strong>$id, %b</strong>          设备在 devpath里的 ID 号。
<strong>$sysfs{file}, %s{file}</strong>   设备的 sysfs里 file 的内容。其实就是设备的属性值。
<strong>$env{key}, %E{key}</strong>   一个环境变量的值。
<strong>$major, %M</strong>        设备的 major 号。
<strong>$minor %m</strong>        设备的 minor 号。
<strong>$result, %c</strong>        PROGRAM 返回的结果。
<strong>$parent, %P</strong>       父设备的设备文件名。
<strong>$root, %r</strong>         udev_root的值,默认是 /dev/。
<strong>$tempnode, %N</strong>      临时设备名。
<strong>%%</strong>            符号 % 本身。
<strong>$$</strong>             符号 $ 本身。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>参考<span class="hx:absolute hx:-mt-20" id="参考"></span>
<a href="#%e5%8f%82%e8%80%83" class="subheading-anchor" aria-label="此章节的永久链接"></a></h2><p>[1]https://www.cnblogs.com/qixianyu/p/6869744.html
[2]https://www.cnblogs.com/cslunatic/p/3171837.html</p>
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