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调整到老博客的程度

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<title>Python socket 收取POST协议内容时没有payload – 香风家的火柴盒</title>
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<h1 class="hx:mb-0 hx:text-4xl hx:font-bold hx:tracking-tight hx:text-slate-900 hx:dark:text-slate-100">Python socket 收取POST协议内容时没有payload</h1>
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<div class="hx:mt-4 hx:mb-16 hx:text-gray-500 hx:dark:text-gray-400 hx:text-sm hx:flex hx:items-center hx:flex-wrap hx:gap-y-2"><span class="hx:mr-1">2023/09/08</span><span class="hx:mx-1">·</span><a href="/about" class="hx:mx-1 hx:hover:underline">Kushidou</a></div>
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<p>使用Python搭建简单服务器的时候，只能收到headers，收不到POST内容的情况</p>
<p>最近做了一个简单的http服务器，用于接收IoT端上传的json格式的日志。</p>
<p>服务端使用socket中的方法接收原始数据，再对原始数据单独进行处理，根据报文头部的GET或者POST等方法进行具体的操作。</p>
<div class="hextra-code-block hx:relative hx:mt-6 hx:first:mt-0 hx:group/code">
<div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span style="display:flex;"><span>sock <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> socket<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>socket(socket<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>AF_INET, socket<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>SOCK_STREAM)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>bind((self<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>host, self<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>port))
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>listen(<span style="color:#ae81ff">128</span>)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>(client, address) <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> self<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>accept()
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>th <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Thread(target<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>self<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>accept_request, args<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>(client, address))
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">def</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">accept_request</span>(client, address):
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> data <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> client_sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>recv(<span style="color:#ae81ff">8192</span>)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> req <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> data<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>decode(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;utf-8&#34;</span>)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 处理数据的具体方法</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> response <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> process_response(req, client_addr)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> client_sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>send(response)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># clean up</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> client_sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>shutdown(<span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> client_sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>close()</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="hextra-code-copy-btn-container hx:opacity-0 hx:transition hx:group-hover/code:opacity-100 hx:flex hx:gap-1 hx:absolute hx:m-[11px] hx:right-0 hx:top-0">
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<p>上面的代码是大概的处理流程。在这个流程中，我发现处理POST的数据的时候，经常只能收到headers部分，payload部分的数据不管发几次都是空的。而且接收缓冲区已经扩大到了8192字节，headers部分的长度只有200多字节，IoT端上传的payload也不过上百字节，不应该是超出缓冲区的问题。</p>
<p><strong>=====2024.01.04更新=======</strong></p>
<p>下面的方法突然某一天就失效了，我不清楚是不是python的环境变化导致的。</p>
<p>其实用flask接收和处理数据会更加方便快捷：</p>
<div class="hextra-code-block hx:relative hx:mt-6 hx:first:mt-0 hx:group/code">
<div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f92672">from</span> flask <span style="color:#f92672">import</span> Flask, request
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 实例化flask</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>app <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Flask(__name__)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 接收和处理post的方法</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#a6e22e">@app.route</span>(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;/test&#39;</span>, methods<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>[<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;POST&#39;</span>])
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">def</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">recv_file_www</span>():
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># post的传入参数</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> print(request<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>args<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>to_dict())
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># post所承载的数据</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> print(request<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>data)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;OK&#39;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> __name__ <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;__main__&#39;</span>:
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> app<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>run(port<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">31408</span>, host<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;0.0.0.0&#34;</span>,debug<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">True</span>)</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="hextra-code-copy-btn-container hx:opacity-0 hx:transition hx:group-hover/code:opacity-100 hx:flex hx:gap-1 hx:absolute hx:m-[11px] hx:right-0 hx:top-0">
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<p>上面就是一个完整的post接收和处理程序了，不需要调试socket，也不需要自己处理ResponseBuilder，最重要的是能保证获取到post数据。</p>
<p><strong>======以下是原来的内容==========</strong></p>
<p>经过网上搜索与自己尝试，发现socket.recv返回的时候是分段返回的，貌似会按照实际内容切割返回，<strong>必须不断的recv才能完整接收数据</strong>。有一种解决方案是POST传送之前先确定报文的完整擦换个年度，然后利用while循环，接收到对应长度才结束。</p>
<p>但是POST发送的一个不定长的数据，如果每次都通过http报文先传送post完整长度的话，有些浪费资源。于是我想到了这么一个方案：</p>
<p>POST的报文头会包含一个<code>Content-length</code>的数据，记录的是payload的长度。那我在接收阶段就对headers部分进行解码和处理，获取到content-length后，在加上本次获取headers的长度就是POST的完整长度了。</p>
<p>那么将上面代码的<code>client_sock.recv()</code>部分改写成下面的方法：</p>
<div class="hextra-code-block hx:relative hx:mt-6 hx:first:mt-0 hx:group/code">
<div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">def</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">recv</span>(self, client_sock):
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> lrecved <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">8192</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 记录每次接收的长度</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> lrecv_all<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 记录数据总长度 </span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> data_body <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> bytes() <span style="color:#75715e"># 接收的所有数据存入这里</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> payload_len <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 解析的payload长度</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> payload_flag <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 用于记录是否接收到了payload，以及实时记录接收到payload的长度</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">while</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">True</span> :
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> part_body<span style="color:#f92672">=</span> client_sock<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>recv(<span style="color:#ae81ff">8192</span>) <span style="color:#75715e"># 循环接收数据</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> data_body <span style="color:#f92672">+=</span> part_body <span style="color:#75715e"># 将接收的数据写入data_body</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> lrecved <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> len(part_body) <span style="color:#75715e"># 获取本次接收长度</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> lrecv_all <span style="color:#f92672">+=</span> lrecved <span style="color:#75715e"># 计算总长度</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> payload_flag <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>: <span style="color:#75715e"># 没有接收到payload部分时，才进入下面的判断流程</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> data_body[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>:<span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span>]<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>decode() <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;GET&#39;</span>: <span style="color:#75715e"># 由于我get方法没出现过断开的问题，因此直接返回即可。</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">break</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">elif</span> data_body[<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>:<span style="color:#ae81ff">4</span>]<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>decode() <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;POST&#39;</span>:
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> payload_len <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> count_payload_len(data_body) <span style="color:#75715e"># 解析头部，计算payload部分的长度</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> lrecved <span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span> payload_len:
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 偶尔会出现能接收到payload的情况，所以多加了一个判断。</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 能接收payload肯定总长度大于payload_len的</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> print(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;no payloads, keep recving...&#34;</span>)
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 计算post报文的总长度，借用payload_flag变量</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> payload_flag <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> lrecved <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> payload_len
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 当接收到的总长度 &gt;= POST的计算长度，表示所有数据接收完成，退出</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> payload_flag <span style="color:#f92672">&lt;=</span> lrecv_all:
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">break</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> data_body</span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="hextra-code-copy-btn-container hx:opacity-0 hx:transition hx:group-hover/code:opacity-100 hx:flex hx:gap-1 hx:absolute hx:m-[11px] hx:right-0 hx:top-0">
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<p>里面解析headers的代码如下：</p>
<div class="hextra-code-block hx:relative hx:mt-6 hx:first:mt-0 hx:group/code">
<div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-python" data-lang="python"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">def</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">count_payload_len</span>(data):
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> d <span style="color:#f92672">in</span> data<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>split(<span style="color:#e6db74">b</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">\r\n</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>): <span style="color:#75715e"># 通过\r\n来分隔报文头</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;LENGTH&#34;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">in</span> d<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>upper()<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>decode(): <span style="color:#75715e"># 如果报文头部有length关键词，当然可以写完整，我的heasers没有其他的length就简化了</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> int(d<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>decode()<span style="color:#f92672">.</span>split(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;:&#34;</span>)[<span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>]) <span style="color:#75715e"># 分隔出payload长度并返回</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span></span></span></code></pre></div></div><div class="hextra-code-copy-btn-container hx:opacity-0 hx:transition hx:group-hover/code:opacity-100 hx:flex hx:gap-1 hx:absolute hx:m-[11px] hx:right-0 hx:top-0">
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<p>上面的代码其实写的很复杂，因为我解析POST整体报文的功能已经写完并且通过第三方http报文调试工具验证过了，上IoT设备实验的时候才发现了问题，本着少改一点是一点的原则，就把这一部分复杂化了，但确实解决了我的问题，就OK了。</p>
<p>对了，这篇博客就是利用这个这个方案改造的新服务端进行上传同步的，之前用GitHub Actions进行同步博客，每次运营商都会发一条高危访问的短信和邮件通知我，太烦了。</p>
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